Tax, economy, and demographics

Dimension	Gibraltar	Vietnam
Corporate income tax	15%Moderate	20%High
Corporate tax basis	Pure territorialPure territorial	WorldwideWorldwide
Personal income tax (marginal)	25%Low	35%Moderate
Personal tax basis	TerritorialTerritorial	WorldwideWorldwide
Population	34 k	102.2 M×3005
Area	7 km²	331,212 km²×47316
Population density	4,857 /km²	308 /km²
Capital	Gibraltar	Hanoi
Currency	GIP (Gibraltar pound)	VND (Vietnamese dong)
Main airport	GIB (Gibraltar International Airport)	SGN (Tan Son Nhat International Airport)
Phone code	+350	+84
Internet TLD	.gi	.vn

Visa access controls

Your access

Pick your nationality above to see how long you can stay in each country and whether you need a visa.

Passport power

Mobility strength of each country's passport, useful if you are weighing it as a future citizenship.

Vietnam passport

#85

Henley rank

48

Visa-free destinations

Verdict

For professionals who prioritize english index, Gibraltar leads with 9.4 / 10 versus 4.9 / 10 for Vietnam. On banking index, Gibraltar is at 9.4 / 10 compared with 5.0 / 10 for Vietnam.

Frequently asked questions

• Gibraltar

  Can foreign residents open bank accounts and deploy capital in Gibraltar without friction?

  Gibraltar is a highly regulated, UK-aligned financial centre supervised by the Gibraltar Financial Services Commission (GFSC) under the Financial Services Act 2019, with eligible deposits protected up to GBP 120,000 per depositor per credit institution under the Gibraltar Deposit Guarantee Scheme. The principal banks operating locally are Gibraltar International Bank (government-owned, default choice for residents and SMEs), The Royal Bank of Scotland International Limited trading as NatWest International (NatWest Group offshore arm, accounts for UK expatriates and internationally mobile clients), Trusted Novus Bank (formerly Jyske Bank (Gibraltar) Limited until April 2020, now owned by Rooke Investments, focused on private banking and personal banking), Turicum Private Bank (Swiss-style private banking, conservative investment strategy), Bank J. Safra Sarasin (Gibraltar) Ltd (Swiss-Brazilian J. Safra Sarasin group, high net worth wealth management), Union Bancaire Privée (UK) Limited Gibraltar Branch (formerly SG Kleinwort Hambros, rebranded 1 April 2025 following UBP acquisition from Société Générale), and Xapo Bank Limited (credit institution under Permission No. 23171, paired with Xapo VASP Limited DLT licence under Permission No. 26061 for crypto custody). Resident foreign nationals open accounts with proof of valid residency, source-of-funds documentation, and compliance with KYC standards aligned with FATF and EU AMLD frameworks transposed into Gibraltar law. Account opening is significantly more demanding than in larger European centres: lead times of four to twelve weeks are typically reported for resident accounts, comprehensive source-of-wealth dossiers are routine, and personal interviews are common. Non-resident account opening for individuals has tightened materially since 2018 and is rarely accessible outside private banking thresholds, with reported minimum AUM in the GBP 500,000 to GBP 1 million range. Gibraltar has been FATCA-compliant since 2014 and CRS-compliant since 2017. The territory was removed from the FATF grey list on 23 February 2024 following sustained reform of its anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing framework, and was subsequently removed from the EU high-risk list in March 2024. There are no general foreign exchange controls, and capital can be deployed and repatriated without restriction within ordinary AML compliance. Real estate purchase on the open market is available to non-residents without nationality restrictions, while the restricted market (also called local market or 3-year residency market) is reserved to buyers who have lived in Gibraltar continuously for three years. Stamp duty on open-market property purchases is nil up to GBP 200,000, then 2% on the first GBP 250,000 and 5.5% on the balance up to GBP 350,000, 3% on the first GBP 350,000 and 3.5% on the balance up to GBP 800,000, and 3% / 3.5% / 4.5% on tranches above GBP 800,000, with first and second-time buyer exemption up to GBP 300,000 under the Stamp Duties (Amendment) Act 2024.

• Vietnam

  Can foreign residents open bank accounts and deploy capital in Vietnam without friction?

  The State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) regulates the banking sector under the Law on Credit Institutions 2024 (Law No. 32/2024/QH15). Major domestic retail banks include Vietcombank (Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade), VietinBank, BIDV, Agribank, MB Bank, Techcombank, VPBank, and ACB. Foreign-incorporated banks operate through licensed subsidiaries or branches, with HSBC Vietnam, Standard Chartered, Shinhan Bank Vietnam, and United Overseas Bank (UOB) active in retail. ANZ exited retail banking in Vietnam after selling its retail business to Shinhan Bank Vietnam in 2017 and now maintains only an institutional and corporate presence. The baseline account-opening requirement for a foreign individual is a valid passport together with a valid visa or residence document such as a Temporary Residence Card (TRC). Banks may additionally request a local address, proof of income, source-of-funds documentation, and in-person biometric verification depending on the account type, residency status, and anti-money laundering risk profile. Account-opening lead times are bank-specific rather than set by regulation and vary widely between institutions and customer segments. Vietnam implements the United States Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) through a Model 1 Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) signed on April 1, 2016 and in force since July 7, 2016, under which Vietnamese financial institutions report United States account holders to the local authority for onward exchange. Vietnam is not a participating jurisdiction under the Common Reporting Standard (CRS) and has not commenced automatic exchange of individual financial account information, although it joined the Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters in 2023 and signed the country-by-country reporting Multilateral Competent Authority Agreement in January 2025 for corporate group reporting. The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) placed Vietnam on its list of jurisdictions under increased monitoring, commonly called the grey list, in June 2023 over anti-money laundering deficiencies, and Vietnam remained listed at the February 2026 FATF plenary, with remediation under the Anti-Money Laundering Law 2022 (Law No. 14/2022/QH15) ongoing. Vietnam maintains active foreign exchange controls under Ordinance 28/2005/PL-UBTVQH11 as amended. The Vietnamese dong is not freely convertible, and foreign currency may be held in onshore accounts but used within Vietnam only in permitted cases. Foreign residents may operate foreign-currency accounts and remit lawful post-tax income abroad through licensed banks against supporting documents, while foreign investors may repatriate lawful profits and recovered capital from direct investment through dedicated capital accounts. Circular 20/2022/TT-NHNN governs one-way outward transfers and current-account payments, but its personal transfer categories such as study, medical treatment, support for relatives, inheritance, and settlement abroad are framed under Article 7.2 of Decree 70/2014/ND-CP around residents who are Vietnamese citizens rather than foreign residents generally, so it should not be read as the universal outbound regime for all foreign individuals. The International Financial Center (IFC) regime under Resolution 222/2025/QH15 adds a targeted carve-out for IFC members, including freer use of foreign currencies between IFC members and simplified capital flows, which is not a general liberalization of the capital account for all foreign residents. Foreign investors face restrictions on real estate. Foreign individuals may purchase apartment units in eligible commercial housing developments capped at 30 percent of any one building and 250 landed houses per ward-equivalent area, with ownership rights generally limited to 50 years and renewable once for up to 50 more years subject to provincial People's Committee approval rather than automatic renewal. Land remains under all-people ownership administered by the State and cannot be held freehold by foreigners, and agricultural land is closed to foreign ownership. On digital assets, Law No. 71/2025/QH15 on Digital Technology Industry, effective January 1, 2026, recognizes crypto assets as property that can be owned, traded, and inherited, ending years of legal ambiguity, while cryptocurrency remains barred as a means of payment and is not legal tender. A controlled five-year pilot under Resolution 05/2025/NQ-CP running from 2025 to 2030 governs issuance, trading, and supervision, with all crypto trading and settlement denominated in Vietnamese dong, and the Ministry of Finance began accepting licence applications from Vietnamese crypto service providers in January 2026.

• Gibraltar

  How does taxation apply to residents and foreign-source income in Gibraltar?

  Gibraltar applies a territorial corporate tax system, while individual taxation is mainly source-based but includes specific charges on certain foreign or passive income for ordinarily resident individuals, under the Income Tax Act 2010. Section 11 distinguishes three regimes: companies are taxed only on income accruing in or derived from Gibraltar (Tables A to C of Schedule 1), individuals not ordinarily resident are taxed only on Gibraltar-source income, and individuals ordinarily resident are also taxed on income specified in Table B and Table C accruing in, derived from or received in any place other than Gibraltar, with section 11(3) deeming receipt in Gibraltar where the taxpayer obtains an equivalent benefit in Gibraltar. Foreign-source income is therefore not automatically exempt by virtue of residence alone, but specific categories may become taxable depending on ordinary residence, actual receipt, deemed receipt, or statutory deeming rules. For companies, the standard corporate income tax rate is 15% (raised from 12.5% on 1 July 2024), with a 20% rate applying to utility providers, telecommunications companies (on their telecom income only), and companies abusing a dominant market position. Three explicit exceptions to corporate territoriality are set out in Schedule 1 of the Act: intercompany loan interest exceeding GBP 100,000 per annum, royalty income received or receivable by a Gibraltar-registered company, and (since the Income Tax (Amendment) Regulations 2018) non-trading rental income from movable property located outside Gibraltar received or receivable by a Gibraltar-registered company are all deemed to accrue in and derive from Gibraltar regardless of source, and taxed at 15%. The Development Aid Scheme (Development Aid Act) grants full corporate tax exemption to approved capital expenditure projects in real estate, tourism, housing, and infrastructure, until aggregate gains net of losses exceed the approved capex. The Global Minimum Tax Act 2024 introduced a Qualified Domestic Minimum Top-Up Tax for fiscal years ending on or after 31 December 2024, applying to multinational groups with consolidated revenue above EUR 750 million. For individuals, a dual-assessment mechanism applies automatically: each taxpayer is assessed under both the Allowances-Based System (rates 14% to 39% with personal allowances) and the Gross Income Based System (peak 28% on income GBP 40,001 to GBP 105,000, falling back to 25% above GBP 105,000), and the lower liability prevails. Since 1 July 2022, foreign residents holding neither CAT2 nor HEPSS, and not in genuine third-party employment, are taxed on their full passive income including savings, dividends, and pensions, neutralising the historical self-sufficiency tax position. There is no general capital gains tax (subject to the Income Tax (Amendment No.2) Act 2024 regime on residential property disposals from 1 January 2025 for persons holding five or more taxable properties), no wealth tax, no inheritance tax, no gift tax, no withholding tax on dividends, interest, or royalties paid to non-residents, and no VAT. Stamp duty applies on open-market real estate at rates of nil up to GBP 200,000, 2% on the first GBP 250,000 and 5.5% on the balance up to GBP 350,000, 3% on the first GBP 350,000 and 3.5% on the balance up to GBP 800,000, and 3% / 3.5% / 4.5% on tranches above GBP 800,000, with first and second-time buyer exemption up to GBP 300,000 under the Stamp Duties (Amendment) Act 2024. Gibraltar has no broad double-tax treaty network outside its agreements with the United Kingdom and Spain (the latter under the 2019 International Agreement on Taxation in respect of Gibraltar), which materially limits foreign tax credit relief for residents with multi-jurisdictional income. Source: Gibraltar Income Tax Office and Income Tax Act 2010.

• Vietnam

  How does taxation apply to residents and foreign-source income in Vietnam?

  Vietnam taxes individual tax residents on their worldwide income, while non-residents are taxed only on Vietnam-source income. Tax residency for individuals arises after 183 days of presence in a calendar year, or with a permanent residence in Vietnam, or with a leased accommodation for at least 183 days under Circular 111/2013/TT-BTC. Residents are taxed on worldwide employment income at a progressive scale topping at 35%. The current 7-bracket schedule (5/10/15/20/25/30/35%) triggers the top rate above VND 80 million per month. Personal Income Tax (PIT) Law No. 109/2025/QH15, passed December 10, 2025 and effective July 1, 2026 with employment provisions applying from tax year 2026, simplifies the schedule to 5 brackets (5/10/20/30/35%) and raises the top-rate threshold to VND 100 million per month. The same law raises the personal deduction from VND 11 million to VND 15.5 million per month and the dependent deduction from VND 4.4 million to VND 6.2 million per month. Non-residents pay a flat 20% on Vietnam-source employment income only. Securities transfers such as shares are taxed at 0.1% of the transfer price, while transfers of capital contributions are taxed at 20% on the net gain, or 2% of the transfer price where the acquisition cost and related expenses cannot be determined. Vietnam levies no net wealth tax and has no separate estate or inheritance tax, but inheritances and gifts of covered assets are taxable under personal income tax at a flat 10% on the portion above VND 10 million, rising to VND 20 million under the new law, with transfers between close family members exempt. The double tax treaty network covers approximately 80 jurisdictions including most OECD members and major Asian economies. Vietnamese-incorporated enterprises are subject to corporate income tax (CIT) on their worldwide income, with a credit for foreign tax paid, while foreign enterprises are taxed on Vietnam-source income. The standard CIT rate is 20% under Article 10 of Law No. 67/2025/QH15 on Corporate Income Tax (effective October 1, 2025), with two reduced tiers for smaller companies of 15% (annual revenue under VND 3 billion) and 17% (revenue VND 3 to 50 billion). Article 13 grants a preferential 10% CIT rate for 15 years to new investment projects in priority sectors (high technology, research and development, software production, renewable energy, supporting industries, education, healthcare, environmental services, infrastructure, press agencies) or in extremely difficult socio-economic areas, hi-tech parks, high-tech agricultural zones, and centralized information technology zones. The 17% rate for 10 years applies to qualifying projects in standard difficult areas and selected manufacturing. Article 14 layers a 4-year exemption plus 50% reduction over 9 years on top of the 10% rate, producing 0% effective in years 1 to 4 and 5% in years 5 to 13. The Prime Minister may extend the preferential period by up to 15 additional years for strategic projects. Standard industrial parks are no longer incentivized locations in their own right under the 2025 Law, so a new project located in one qualifies for CIT incentives only if it independently meets a sector-based, project-based, or preferential-area criterion. The Vietnam International Financial Center (IFC), established under Resolution No. 222/2025/QH15 effective September 1, 2025 and detailed by Decree No. 323/2025/ND-CP on establishment and Decree No. 324/2025/ND-CP on financial policies (both dated December 18, 2025), offers IFC members in Ho Chi Minh City and Da Nang a 10% CIT rate for 30 years with the same 4-year exemption plus 9-year reduction architecture. It also provides a personal income tax exemption through end of 2030 on salaries and wages earned from work performed in the IFC by qualifying managers, experts, scientists, and highly skilled professionals, both Vietnamese and foreign, subject to prescribed conditions, plus a personal income tax exemption on income from transfers of shares, capital contributions, or capital contribution rights in IFC members through end of 2030, excluding transfers of stocks or warrants of public companies or listed or trading-registering organizations. Eligible sectors include capital markets, banking, asset and fund management, fintech, green finance, digital assets, insurance, family offices, and aviation finance. Resolution No. 107/2023/QH15 implements the OECD Pillar Two Qualified Domestic Minimum Top-up Tax (QDMTT) effective January 1, 2024, which can materially reduce the benefit of Vietnam's 10% headline incentive rates for in-scope multinational enterprise (MNE) groups with consolidated revenues above EUR 750 million in 2 of 4 preceding years, because a domestic top-up tax applies where the Vietnam effective tax rate falls below 15%.

• Gibraltar

  What long-term residence options exist in Gibraltar for internationally mobile individuals?

  Gibraltar offers no digital nomad visa, no remote-work permit, and no freelancer track. The available pathways are employment by a Gibraltar-registered entity, self-employment with genuine local activity, self-sufficiency, and the two specialist tax regimes Category 2 (CAT2) and High Executive Possessing Specialist Skills (HEPSS). CAT2, governed by the Qualifying (Category 2) Individuals Rules 2004 under the Income Tax Act 2010, caps Gibraltar tax on the first GBP 118,000 of assessable income (income accrued in, derived from, or remitted to Gibraltar) under the Allowance Based System, producing a minimum annual liability of GBP 37,000 and a maximum of GBP 42,380 for 2025/2026. Foreign-source income that is neither received in nor remitted to Gibraltar is generally not taxed under the territorial system, so a CAT2 holder with offshore passive portfolio income typically pays the minimum GBP 37,000. CAT2 requires net worth of at least GBP 2 million, approved residential accommodation in Gibraltar reserved for exclusive use, forbids trade or employment in Gibraltar (except where economically beneficial under Finance Centre Director discretion), demands 5 years of prior non-residency (defined as not present more than 183 days in any tax year, nor an average of 90 days in three of those 5 years), and carries a non-refundable application fee of GBP 1,100 plus an advance tax deposit of GBP 42,380. HEPSS, governed by the HEPSS Rules 2008, is employment-based, fixes income tax at GBP 39,940 per year on a deemed GBP 160,000 base under the Gross Income Based System, requires a Gibraltar employer in a high executive or senior management position, salary above GBP 160,000 per annum, specialist skills not readily available locally, exclusive use of approved Gibraltar accommodation, and 3 years of prior non-residency. The HEPSS certificate is dependent on continued employment with the same Gibraltar company and ceases on change of employer. Since 6 October 2025, Legal Notice 729/2025 (Immigration (EU Exit) Regulations 2025) has suspended new general residency applications from UK and EEA nationals after applications roughly tripled following the 11 June 2025 political agreement on the UK-EU treaty. CAT2 and HEPSS applications continue on a discretionary economic-interest basis with Chief Minister approval. The Gibraltarian Status and Immigration (Amendment) Bill 2025, in force from 30 October 2025, doubled permanent residency under Section 55N IARA from 5 to 10 years, and Gibraltarian Status under ministerial discretion (Section 9(f) Gibraltarian Status Act) from 10 to 20 years. British Overseas Territories Citizen naturalisation remains available after 5 years of qualifying residence (3 years if married to a BOTC). Non-UK and non-EEA nationals are not affected by the LN 729/2025 suspension and follow the standard discretionary track.

• Vietnam

  What long-term residence options exist in Vietnam for internationally mobile individuals?

  Vietnam offers a tiered investor visa system under Law No. 47/2014/QH13 (as amended by Law No. 51/2019/QH14 and Law No. 23/2023/QH15) with four DT categories indexed on capital contribution. The DT1 visa (capital of VND 100 billion or more) carries a 5-year visa term and a Temporary Residence Card (TRC) up to 10 years. DT2 (VND 50 billion to under 100 billion) grants a 5-year visa and a TRC up to 5 years. DT3 (VND 3 billion to under 50 billion) grants a 3-year visa and a TRC up to 3 years. The DT4 tier (under VND 3 billion) is limited to a 12-month visa with no investor TRC eligibility and no family sponsorship rights. DT1, DT2, and DT3 holders may sponsor spouses and minor children under 18 for TT (Tham Than) dependent visas under Article 8 of the Immigration Law, while common-law partners and adult children are excluded. Work-based pathways include the LD1 visa (work permit exempt) and the LD2 visa (work permit holders), both valid up to 2 years and convertible to a TRC up to 2 years. The governing framework is now Decree 219/2025/ND-CP, effective August 7, 2025, which replaced Decree 152/2020/ND-CP and Decree 70/2023/ND-CP, merged the foreign labour demand approval and the work permit application into a single online dossier, decentralized approval to provincial People's Committees, and shortened the statutory work permit timeline to 10 working days. It did not merge the work permit with the visa application, which remain separate steps. Foreign lawyers practicing in Vietnam under the Law on Lawyers obtain the LS visa with a 5-year term. The Special Visa Exemption Card (SVEC) under Decree 221/2025/ND-CP, in force from August 15, 2025, is a multi-entry waiver of up to 5 years capped at 90 days per stay per entry, reserved for international elites including executives of the world top 100 enterprises by market capitalization, holders of prestigious international science and technology awards, and globally top-ranked athletes. From July 1, 2026, under Law No. 118/2025/QH15, two preferential visa symbols become available, the UD1 for high-quality digital technology industry personnel and other persons eligible for incentives under a law or a National Assembly resolution, and the UD2 for their spouses and children under 18. Under the general regime, amended Article 9 caps the UD1 and UD2 visa at 5 years, while amended Article 38 sets the matching UD1 and UD2 Temporary Residence Card at up to 10 years, the same ceiling as the DT1 investor card. Within the Vietnam International Financial Centre (IFC), Decree 327/2025/ND-CP lets the UD1 visa itself reach 10 years rather than the general 5-year visa cap, with a UD1 TRC up to 10 years and a matching UD2 for spouses and children under 18, for key investors, experts, managers, and highly skilled staff of IFC-headquartered organizations. Outside the IFC framework, Vietnam offers no general DT investor pathway to permanent residence. The Permanent Residence Card (PRC) under Article 39 of Law 47/2014 is restricted to four narrow categories, namely meritorious persons recognized by State decoration, scientists or experts sponsored by ministerial-level authority, spouses or children or parents of Vietnamese citizens with at least 3 years of continuous residence, and stateless persons resident since 2000, with a 10-year renewable validity. Decree 327/2025/ND-CP introduces a separate IFC-specific permanent residence route for key investors, experts, scientists, persons of special talent and senior managers who have worked continuously for at least 3 years at an organization headquartered in the IFC. On nationality, Law No. 79/2025/QH15, effective July 1, 2025, broadened the dual citizenship exceptions beyond the prior near-total prohibition. Retention of foreign nationality on naturalization is now possible for applicants with a Vietnamese spouse, child, parent or grandparent, for those making meritorious contributions or whose naturalization is deemed beneficial to Vietnam, and for minors naturalizing alongside a parent, in each case subject to Presidential approval and compliance with the law of the foreign country. A separate 10-year Investor Golden Visa announced in May 2025 remains under government review and is not yet enacted as of May 2026, with no draft law published and no application channel open.

Also compare

• GeorgiavsGibraltar
• GibraltarvsSingapore
• IndonesiavsVietnam
• MexicovsVietnam

Related rankings

• Tax Freedom Index
• SafetyShield Index