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Europe
Lucky Nomads World Index
7.51 / 10
Global rank
#7
18 scoring dimensions scored independently using a deterministic methodology built on primary sources and structured analytical inference.
Web TLD and phone codes are general references and can differ for territories or special numbering plans.
Corporate taxation basis: Worldwide. The country generally taxes worldwide income of resident companies.
Resident companies taxed on worldwide income under Llei 95/2010. Participation exemption on qualifying dividends and gains requires a 5 percent holding held 1 year and a non-resident investee taxed at a nominal rate of at least 50 percent of the general rate (5 percent) or treaty resident (Article 20, amended by Llei 5/2023). The Article 38 holding regime (SA/SL with exclusive holding purpose) waives the 5 percent and 1 year tests but keeps its own 4 percent subject-to-tax or treaty test. Non-resident companies taxed only on Andorran-source income at 10 percent (5 percent on royalties).
Flat 10 percent headline rate on resident corporate worldwide income (Llei 95/2010, Article 41). Collective Investment Institutions (funds, SICAVs) under Llei 10/2008 taxed at 0 percent, excluding management companies. The intangible assets regime (Article 23) grants an 80 percent taxable base reduction on qualifying patent, utility model and copyrighted software income under the BEPS Action 5 nexus ratio, an effective 2 percent where the full reduction applies.
Personal income tax basis. Worldwide. The country taxes worldwide income of residents.
Worldwide income basis for fiscal residents (more than 183 days per year or main centre of economic activities or interests in Andorra, Llei 5/2014 Article 8). Foreign tax credit available under Article 48 and tax treaties. Real estate gains were integrated into income tax by Llei 5/2023: 10 percent general rate plus a 5 percent surcharge on gains realised within 2 years, taper relief after 5 years, full exemption after 10 years. No special new-resident, non-dom, or HNWI flat tax regime.
Progressive 0 to 10 percent. Income up to EUR 24,000 exempt, 5 percent effective on the EUR 24,001 to 40,000 bracket (10 percent statutory, bonification capped at EUR 800), 10 percent above EUR 40,000. Savings income taxed at 10 percent after a EUR 3,000 annual exemption. Dividends from Andorran tax-resident entities and Andorran collective investment undertakings subject to Andorran corporate tax exempt, and share or fund gains exempt below 25 percent participation or above 25 percent held over 10 years (Llei 5/2014). No wealth, gift, or inheritance tax.
Tax percentages here are editorial reference figures for comparison, not individualized tax advice.
Available
Andorra special holding regime under Article 38 of Llei 95/2010 for resident companies whose exclusive corporate purpose is the management and…
Available
Andorra Patent Box under Article 23 of Llei 95/2010 (regim especial d'explotacio de determinats actius intangibles) providing an 80 percent…
Available
Andorran collective investment institutions regulated by Llei 10/2008 (investment funds, SICAVs and other regulated vehicles supervised by the…
Available
Special regime under Article 24 ter of Llei 95/2010, added by Llei 5/2015 on Andorran cooperative companies, granting cooperatives additional…
Available
Special regime under Article 24 quarter of Llei 95/2010, introduced by Llei 15/2021 creating the National Housing Institute, granting a 15 percent…
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Optional regime under Article 36 bis of the Non Resident Income Tax Law (Llei 94/2010, introduced by Llei 5/2014) allowing non resident frontier and…
You either qualify for Andorra's special tax regimes, or you don't. GeoCompass determines your eligibility, highlights the applicable conditions, and helps estimate your potential tax exposure.
Check my eligibilityPick a nationality to see whether you need a visa for Andorra and how long you can stay. We remember it on your device for the next country.
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Available
Available
Andorra lists several residency and mobility routes across residence by investment, business founder routes, work (employer sponsored), work (self sponsored), talent (outstanding), family and dependant routes, and remote work visas. Lucky Nomads tracks these programmes as editorial reference points. Thresholds, documents, and personal eligibility are evaluated in GeoCompass against your exact profile.
7 programmes listed · 7 are marked available in our editorial review
Capital, property, fund, or declared investment routes that can lead to longer-term residence.
Residency without Lucrative Activity (Passive Residence)
Founder, entrepreneur, or company-linked pathways for people building a business locally.
Residency without Lucrative Activity for Professionals with International Projection (Category B)
Employer-linked permits and skilled employment passes for hired professionals.
Active Residence and Work as Salaried Employee (Residencia i Treball per Compte d Altri)
Self-sponsored work or freelance routes where you qualify without a local employer.
Active Residence and Work as Self Employed (Residencia i Treball per Compte Propi)
Outstanding achievement or high-calibre talent categories.
Residency without Lucrative Activity for Reasons of Scientific, Cultural or Sporting Interest (Category C)
Spouse, dependant, and family reunion style permits.
Residence for Family Reunification (Reagrupament Familiar)
Remote work or digital nomad style permits.
Digital Nomad Residence (Residencia per a Nomada Digital)
Not all residency routes are accessible. Some require minimum income, investment thresholds, local substance, or strict eligibility conditions. GeoCompass evaluates which options you can actually secure in Andorra.
Evaluate my residency optionsThresholds, documents, and personal eligibility are available in GeoCompass. Programme names here are editorial reference points, not individualized legal advice.
Visa labels reflect editorial research, not legal advice. Always confirm eligibility and rules with official government sources before you plan a move.
Andorra is neither a European Union member nor part of the Schengen Area, although it runs a customs union with the EU covering industrial goods under the 1990 agreement and uses the euro under a Monetary Agreement of 30 June 2011 without being a euro area member. The Principality has no international airport on its territory and is reached by road through France or Spain, so every traveller transits the Schengen Area. Andorra itself requires no short-stay or tourist visa. EU, EEA and Swiss citizens enter with a valid national identity card or passport, while nationals exempt from the Schengen short-stay visa under Annex II of Regulation (EU) 2018/1806, including the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan and South Korea, need only a valid passport. From the launch of the European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS), expected in the last quarter of 2026, visa-exempt non-EU nationals will additionally need an approved ETIAS to transit France or Spain. Nationals subject to the Schengen visa requirement must hold a valid double-entry or multiple-entry Schengen visa, because entering Andorra means leaving the Schengen Area and a single-entry visa would not allow re-entry into France or Spain. Andorra issues no tourist visas, so there is no Andorran visa to obtain abroad, and visa formalities are handled by the French or Spanish consulates serving the traveller's country depending on the planned point of entry. Andorra maintains embassies and honorary consulates abroad, but they play no role in visa issuance since no Andorran visa exists. Tourist stays are capped at 90 days. Short-stay visitors may engage in tourism, ski and leisure activities, family visits and non-remunerated business meetings. Any employment, self-employed work, remunerated activity or provision of services requires a residence and work authorisation from the Servei d'Immigració in Andorra la Vella under the qualified Immigration Law (Llei 9/2012 of 31 May 2012, as amended), and stays for study, training placements, high-level sports training or research fall under dedicated immigration authorisations rather than the tourist regime.
Andorra offers six structured residence pathways under Llei 9/2012 d immigracio, recently reshaped by Llei 5/2025 of 6 March 2025 and Llei 2/2026 of 22 January 2026 (Omnibus 2, Butlleti Oficial del Principat d Andorra (BOPA) No. 15 of 12 February 2026, effective 13 February 2026). Active residence as a salaried employee (residencia i treball per compte d altri) requires a local employment contract under sectoral quotas, with statutory priority for nationals of convention states (Spain, France and Portugal), then EU and EEA nationals, then other nationalities, plus mandatory Caixa Andorrana de Seguretat Social (CASS) contributions and permanent and effective residence for each renewal. Active residence as self-employed (compte propi) requires an Andorran company in which the applicant holds more than 34 percent and exercises a board role with effective management control, a prior authorization reserve with a six month accreditation window introduced by Llei 5/2025, a non-refundable EUR 50,000 payment to the Andorran Financial Authority (AFA) under Llei 2/2026 (waived for digital economy, entrepreneurship and innovation projects), CASS affiliation at EUR 587.95 per month on the standard 100 percent base of EUR 2,672.52 in 2026, and at least 183 days of presence per year at renewal except for titled professionals, who must reside permanently and effectively. The Digital Nomad Residence under Llei 42/2022 and Decret 212/2023 is capped at 50 permits per year under Decret 11/2023, requires a favourable preliminary resolution from the Ministry of Economy, carries an administrative fee of EUR 224.61, and imposes 90 days minimum presence with no AFA payment. The residence-without-work framework (residencia sense treball) groups three passive routes. Category A is the non-lucrative investor route (residencia sense activitat lucrativa), requiring under Llei 2/2026 a permanent investment of at least EUR 1,000,000 in eligible Andorran assets (with more than EUR 800,000 allocated to each real estate unit acquired) or alternatively EUR 400,000 invested in the Housing Fund (Fons de l Habitatge), plus a non-refundable EUR 50,000 payment to the AFA for the principal applicant and EUR 12,000 per dependent. The principal must also show annual income above 300 percent of the annual minimum wage plus 100 percent per dependent under Decret 407/2025, roughly EUR 54,912 per year at the 2026 minimum wage of EUR 1,525.33 per month. Category B (professionals with international projection) waives the EUR 1,000,000 investment but requires the professional seat or base to be located in Andorra, at least 85 percent of services used outside Andorra, a maximum of one local employee, 90 days of presence per year, and the historical refundable EUR 47,500 plus EUR 9,500 per dependent AFA deposit. Category C (scientific, cultural or sporting interest) preserves a carve-out from Omnibus 2 and retains the same refundable deposit structure for elite athletes, artists and scientists demonstrating notable international recognition. Residence-without-work and Digital Nomad authorizations run 2 years initially, then renewals of 2 years, 3 years and 10 years, with treaty-based variations for Spanish, French and Portuguese nationals. Active permits (salaried and self-employed) start with a 1 year authorization renewable three times for 2 year periods, followed by 10 year renewals after 7 years. Path to citizenship requires 20 years of legal residence (10 years where compulsory schooling was completed in Andorra), and Andorra does not recognise dual nationality, so naturalised citizens must renounce prior citizenships, with Llei 8/2026 of 7 May 2026 granting up to five years from naturalisation to evidence the renunciation, extendable by two years where proceedings have begun. Catalan conditions under Llei 6/2024 currently attach to salaried residence and work permits (level A1 at first renewal and level A2 at second, with transitional arrangements until 26 April 2026) and must be extended by regulation to the self-employed, frontier, passive and digital economy categories within five years.
Andorra taxes its residents on worldwide income. An individual becomes an Andorran tax resident by spending more than 183 days in the country during the calendar year or by locating the main base of their activities or economic interests there, with a rebuttable presumption of residency when the non-separated spouse and minor children are Andorran tax residents (Article 8, Llei 5/2014). Personal Income Tax (IRPF, Llei 5/2014) carries a flat statutory 10 percent rate that operates progressively in practice, at 0 percent up to EUR 24,000, an effective 5 percent on the EUR 24,001 to 40,000 band (statutory 10 percent with a bonification capped at EUR 800) and 10 percent above EUR 40,000. Savings income is taxed at 10 percent after a EUR 3,000 annual exemption, and dividends paid by Andorran resident entities or Andorran collective investment undertakings subject to Andorran corporate tax are fully exempt. Andorra levies no wealth, gift or inheritance tax. Corporate Income Tax (Impost de Societats, Llei 95/2010) applies a flat 10 percent rate to the worldwide profits of resident companies. The special holding regime of Article 38 exempts dividends and capital gains from qualifying participations without any minimum holding percentage or holding period, provided non-resident subsidiaries are subject to a comparable income tax at a nominal rate of at least 40 percent of the Andorran general rate or are resident in a treaty country. Outside that special regime, the general participation exemption of Article 20 requires a participation of at least 5 percent held for one year. The patent box regime grants an 80 percent reduction of the taxable base on income from patents, utility models and copyrighted software under the modified nexus approach, which can bring the effective rate down to 2 percent where the full reduction applies. Collective investment institutions regulated by Llei 10/2008 are taxed at 0 percent, excluding management companies, which remain subject to the general regime. Real estate capital gains on Andorran property follow specific IRPF rules. Gains are reduced by multiplying coefficients after more than 6 years of ownership and are excluded from the taxable base after more than 10 years, while a special speculative surcharge of 10 percent applies to sales within 2 years of acquisition and 5 percent to sales between 2 and 5 years. The Tax on Foreign Investment in Real Estate (FIRET, Llei 3/2024 as amended by Llei 2/2026) taxes foreign real estate investment, including acquisitions by residents with under 3 years of effective residence in the previous 10 years and by Andorran entities with foreign participation of 50 percent or more, at 6 percent for one qualifying residential investment within statutory limits and 10 percent for other investments exceeding those limits. The General Indirect Tax (IGI) sits at 4.5 percent, one of the lowest standard VAT-equivalent rates in Europe. Andorra operates no special new-resident, non-dom or HNWI flat tax regime for individuals. The Double Tax Agreement network counts 22 treaties in force, including Spain, France, Portugal, Luxembourg, the United Arab Emirates and, since 22 December 2025, the United Kingdom, effective in Andorra from 1 January 2026, with notable gaps for the United States and most of Latin America.
Andorra is a small, regulated financial centre supervised by the Autoritat Financera Andorrana (AFA), the unified financial and insurance supervisor governed by Llei 10/2013 and given its current form and name by Llei 12/2018. Three banking groups now constitute the local market: Andbank, MoraBanc and Creand Crèdit Andorrà, after Crèdit Andorrà acquired Vall Banc in February 2022, completed the merger by absorption in June 2022 and adopted the Creand brand in 2023. Onboarding for non-resident HNWI clients is feasible but selective since the Banca Privada d'Andorra (BPA) episode of March 2015, when the United States FinCEN designated BPA an institution of primary money laundering concern. Market estimates put full account opening at roughly 4 to 12 weeks depending on the depth of source-of-wealth and source-of-funds documentation required, although no official timeline is published. Know Your Customer (KYC) standards follow the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Recommendations and the European Union Anti-Money Laundering (AML) directives Andorra implements under its Monetary Agreement with the EU, principally through Llei 14/2017, with rigorous beneficial ownership tracing, tax residence evidence and corroboration of the economic rationale for the relationship. Andorra signed its automatic exchange of information agreement with the EU in February 2016 and carried out its first exchanges under the OECD Common Reporting Standard (CRS) in September 2018, closing its banking secrecy era. That agreement was amended by a protocol signed in October 2025 to align with the updated CRS, in force since 1 January 2026, and Andorra now exchanges financial account information automatically with the EU and a broad network of partner jurisdictions. Andorra does not appear on the EU list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes, the EU AML high-risk third country list or the current FATF high-risk and increased monitoring lists. Its AML evaluations run through the Council of Europe committee MONEYVAL, which adopted Andorra's mutual evaluation in September 2017 and keeps the country in enhanced follow-up, with the most recent re-ratings adopted in December 2021 leaving 3 of the 40 FATF Recommendations rated partially compliant. Foreign exchange controls do not exist and capital moves freely in and out of Andorra, with banking overwhelmingly denominated in euros. Real estate purchases by non-residents, and by foreign residents unable to evidence at least 3 years of effective residence within the previous 10 years, require prior authorization and trigger the tax on foreign real estate investment under Llei 3/2024, as amended by Llei 5/2025 and Llei 2/2026, at 6 percent up to one residential unit with capped annexes (at most three parking spaces and three storage units) and 10 percent for investments exceeding those limits, applied progressively by number of units acquired. The ordinary real estate transfer tax applies in addition, combining a 2.5 percent state rate with a communal rate of between 0.5 and 1.5 percent set by each parish, for a combined charge of up to 4 percent, and its legal burden falls on the acquirer, not split between buyer and seller. Crypto-asset activities are regulated under Llei 24/2022 on the digital representation of assets through cryptography, distributed ledger technology and blockchain, with prior AFA licensing for in-scope activities, although the depth of crypto banking appears more limited than in larger private banking hubs such as Switzerland or Liechtenstein.
Andorra has a resident population of approximately 89,000 at the end of 2025, concentrated in the central parishes, mainly Andorra la Vella, Escaldes-Engordany and Encamp, with Catalan as the sole official language and Spanish, French and Portuguese widely used in daily life and business. Digital infrastructure is exceptional for a microstate: Andorra was the first country in the world to reach full fibre-to-the-home coverage and retired its copper network entirely in 2016, and the state monopoly Andorra Telecom sells residential plans of up to 300 Mbps, 700 Mbps and 1 Gbps. The coworking ecosystem is small but functional, with around 8 venues concentrated in the capital area (SMART Coworking, HiveFive by Bomosa, Ingeni, Andorra Work Center, Cow Or King, among others). Access is the main structural constraint. Andorra has no commercial airport on its territory. Andorra-La Seu d'Urgell Airport (LEU), about 17 km from the southern border and operated by Aeroports de Catalunya, hosts Air Nostrum flights to Madrid (since December 2021) and Palma de Mallorca (since January 2024), although the service recorded 38 cancellations and diversions between January and May 2026 and is under government review. The main international gateways remain Barcelona-El Prat (BCN) and Toulouse-Blagnac (TLS), around 200 km and 195 km away, with practical travel times of roughly 3 hours by car and 3h15 to 3h30 by scheduled bus, frequent to Barcelona and less dense to Toulouse. Cost of living is moderate by Western European standards but housing is the key pressure point under demographic and tourism pressure. The rental market is split in two: registered new contracts averaged EUR 18.19 per square meter in 2025 with a mean new rent of EUR 1,338 per month, while open-market listings averaged around EUR 26 per square meter, with mean advertised rents of EUR 3,165 per month and barely a hundred flats listed nationwide in the fourth quarter of 2025. A new foreign professional should therefore budget on listing prices, especially in Andorra la Vella and Escaldes-Engordany. An inexpensive restaurant meal runs around EUR 15 and a three-course mid-range dinner for two around EUR 45, and grocery prices are broadly comparable to Barcelona, around 8 to 9 percent cheaper. Healthcare is delivered by the public Caixa Andorrana de Seguretat Social (CASS) system supplemented by private insurance, mandatory for passive residents, with life expectancy around 84 years and access to specialised care via cross-border arrangements with Spain and France. Public safety is among the strongest in Europe, with very low recorded crime. The climate is alpine with cold snowy winters supporting three major ski areas (Grandvalira, Pal Arinsal, Ordino Arcalis) and warm summers in the valleys. The principal institutional limits are a still-limited but expanding treaty network of more than 20 double taxation agreements in force, the United Kingdom convention applying from 1 January 2026, Estonia in force since 24 March 2026 and Austria signed on 28 May 2026 but not yet in force, a small banking market concentrated around three banking groups, and dependence on the Spanish and French Schengen corridors for international mobility.
Andorra is a structurally bourgeois alpine base, not a budget tax haven and not a Schengen substitute. The defining feature is what it does not offer: no special regime for individuals exists, no Portuguese-style new-resident incentive, no non-dom carve-out, no negotiated flat tax. The Principality competes on its ordinary baseline, and that is precisely its strength. A regime that applies identically to every resident has no sunset clause, nothing to repeal and nothing for Brussels or the OECD to target, which makes Andorra one of the few European propositions where the ten-year fiscal picture can be modelled with confidence. The signature leverage sits on the corporate side, anchored in Llei 95/2010, for holding and substance-backed intellectual property structures. The framing error to avoid is shopping Andorra for a dispensation. The correct question is whether the client can credibly move their life there. The inflection point is Llei 2/2026, the Omnibus 2 package in force since 13 February 2026, which repriced passive residence: the qualifying investment rose to EUR 1 million in Andorran assets (EUR 400,000 via the state housing fund), while the EUR 50,000 payment for the main applicant and EUR 12,000 per dependent became definitive and non-refundable instead of a recoverable deposit. That shift matters most: that slice moves from parkable allocation to permanently consumed capital, changing the psychology as much as the arithmetic. The timing verdict is unambiguous: no grandfathering relief to wait for, housing politics pointing to further tightening, and the preserved elite athlete carve-out confirming selectivity is deliberate policy. Clients who hesitated below the new threshold should pivot to the active or professional routes now, not wait for terms that will not come back. Versus comparators, Andorra sits in a narrow band. Monaco offers 0 percent personal income tax for qualified residents but at multiples of the entry cost (rentals of EUR 8,000 to 25,000 per month and de facto wealth gating) and faces active EU and OECD scrutiny. Switzerland's forfait targets a similar HNWI profile at a higher running cost, with canton-specific floors, six-figure annual outcomes in most cases, cantonal volatility and EU pressure. Cyprus non-dom under the 60-day rule provides 17 years of foreign dividend and interest exemption with a EUR 200,000 foreign interest company route and full EU access, with Schengen accession still pending. Malta's permanent residence delivers 90-in-180-day Schengen mobility for EUR 99,000 of one-off fees and contributions plus property at EUR 375,000 purchase or EUR 14,000 annual rent. Portugal's Tax Incentive for Scientific Research and Innovation (IFICI) is sectoral and restrictive. Andorra is harder to access, with presence and language filters and a slow naturalisation horizon, but cheaper to maintain once invested, and structurally outside the EU and Schengen perimeter attracting coordinated reform pressure. The risk profile is contained but real, concentrated in three vectors rather than headline tax risk. Banking is feasible but selective and slow, and the compliance posture adopted after 2015 is permanent, so the dossier should be sequenced before the residence calendar rather than after it. Treaty depth is the true structural cost. The network is thin, the absence of a United States agreement is the binding constraint for advisers with American clients, while the United Kingdom treaty in force since 22 December 2025 materially upgrades the proposition for UK leavers after the non-dom abolition. On real estate, exit-side taxation makes Andorran property a hold-to-keep asset rather than a trading position, so any structure built around a medium-term resale is mispriced from day one. Finally, the Catalan language requirement should be read as a deliberate commitment filter, and the naturalisation horizon confirms that Andorra is a residence play, never a citizenship play. Andorra is appropriate for a HNWI with EUR 5 million to 50 million liquid seeking a serious European base outside Schengen and EU regulatory scope, an entrepreneur monetising intellectual property internationally through an Andorran structure, an athlete or artist of international standing entering through the dedicated route, or a family office centralising holdings under the corporate exemption architecture with a multi-jurisdictional asset base. It is wrong for digital nomads who want Schengen visa-free fluidity, treaty arbitrage operators dependent on United States coverage, clients seeking citizenship by investment or fast naturalisation, traders and consultants requiring liquid premium banking on day one, and buyers planning a short-horizon resale of Andorran property. Direct alternatives map cleanly by use case: Cyprus non-dom for EU mobility, Monaco for true zero personal income tax at a higher capital gate, Switzerland's forfait for treaty depth, Malta permanent residence for Schengen flexibility.
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